ISTORIA NEELUCIDATĂ A MONUMENTELOR EVREILOR PREFĂCUȚI ÎN SĂPUN DE NAZIȘTI

https://www.ziaruldeiasi.ro scrie că la intrarea în cimitirul evreiesc din Sarata -Bacău, pe partea dreaptă, se află un monument din piatră, sub forma unui păsări, idee sugerată de inciziile laterale sub forma unor aripi, terminat în parte de sus cu o porțiune metalizată, simbolizînd o torță. Monumentul are pe frontispiciu o inscripție în limbile română și ebraică.

„Monument al săpunului evreiesc” aflat într-un cimitir băcăuan. „Memorialul Yad Vashem” (autoritate israeliană în domeniul holocaustului) a declarat oficial că naziştii nu au făcut niciodată săpun din cadavrele evreilor.

Textul, desprins parcă dintr-o altă lume, te copleșește prin mesajul său: „Aici zac evreii prefăcuți în săpun de bestiile fasciste între 1939-1944. În amintirea lor înfrățiți-vă popoare în lupta pentru o lume nouă”.

La mai bine de 60 de ani de la declanșarea terorii naziste, în care au murit milioane de evrei, povestea incredibilă ne-a fost dezvăluită la Comunitatea Evreiască din Bacău. „Știu că sub acel monument sînt îngropate cîteva mostre de săpun făcut din cadavrele celor exterminați în perioada 1940-1942”, ne-a declarat Izu Butnaru, în vîrstă de 66 de ani, secretarul Comunității Evreiești din Bacău.

Pentru că era copil în acea perioadă, el nu ne-a putut oferi mai multe informații, dar este convins că săpunul, deși nu a fost făcut la Bacău, este de sorginte românească. „S-a făcut săpun din cadavrele celor uciși în acei ani în România”, a spus Izu Butnaru.

Despre istoria acelui monument nu am putut afla informații nici de la Izu Butnaru și nici de la Vigdar Hari, președintele Comunității Evreiești din Bacău. „N-aș putea să vă spun nici cînd a fost ridicat și nici de către cine acel monument”, ne-a zis președintele Hari.

Misterul monumentului evreiesc ni l-a dezvăluit Eugen Șendrea, expert în patrimoniu. „Monumentul a fost ridicat în anul 1953, în memoria victimelor fascismului. În fișele din 23 mai 1963 era considerat monument istoric. În noua listă a monumentelor din 1977, nu a fost inclus, deoarece existau incertitudini, conducătorul comunității evreiești de atunci, Aizerman, precizînd la un moment dat că nu deține dovezi concrete că acolo ar fi rămășițe umane. Însă zvonul este că sub monument sînt depozitate opt lăzi cu săpun făcut din cadavrele evreilor”, a afirmat profesorul Eugen Șendrea din cadrul Centrului Județean de Cultură Bacău.

Monumentul din cimitirul evreiesc rămîne un spațiu peste care istoria a pus pecetea tainei. Și nimeni nu are curajul să facă cercetări pentru a vedea ce este legendă și ce adevăr în această poveste. 

Zvonurile privind „săpunul uman” par să-și aibă originea în modul în care erau marcate calupurile de săpun, respectiv „R.I.F.”, inscripție care a fost interpretată de unii ca prescurtare de la „Reichs-Juden-Fett”(grăsime evreiască de stat), sau „Rein-Juden-Fett” (grăsime evreiască pură). Inscripția era imprimată în relief, folosind fontul german Blackletter; la care diferența dintre I și J, constă doar în lungimea literei.

Practic, R.I.F. era prescurtarea de la Reichsstelle für industrielle Fettversorgung (Centrul Național pentru Aprovizionarea cu Grăsime Industrială), agenția guvernamentală germană responsabilă cu producția și distribuția de săpun și detergenți în vreme de război. Săpunul R.I.F. a fost un surogat ieftin al săpunului de calitate, care nu conținea absolut nici un fel de grăsime de origine umană sau animală.

CARE ESTE ADEVĂRUL?

În timpul celui de-Al Doilea Război Mondial au circulat informații că cercetători germani ar fi dezvoltat un proces tehnologic de producție de săpun din grăsime umană extrasă din cadavrele deținuților evrei din lagărele de exterminare .

În 2006 Muzeul memorial Auschwitz–Birkenau menționa experimente ale naziștilor în vederea producției de săpun din cadavre umane la scară redusă. Aceste afirmații au fost infirmate de alți cercetători.

Michael Berenbaum, șef de proiect la United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), a declarat în 1993, că: „nu există nici o dovadă că naziștii ar fi fabricat săpun din cadavre umane”, afirmație reluată și de cercetători de la Yad Vashem de la Ierusalim, care au declarat că naziștii nu au produs săpun din cadavrele deținuților evrei din lagărele de concentrar .

Mai precis, un purtător de cuvânt al centrului Yad Vashem a afirmat că nu există probe că naziștii ar fi fabricat săpun din cadavre de origine umană în timpul Holocaustului, afirmând că „astfel de știri sunt o pură invenție, găzduită de media”. ( text orig.: Sources at Yad Vashem expressed disappointment at the radio report, calling the story a „pure invention that was given a stage by the media.”

A Yad Vashem spokeswoman said there is no proof the Nazis made soap from human bodies during the Holocaust. ) Reactia Institutului Yad Vashem s-a referit la știrea difuzată despre descoperirea într-un cavou din Magdiel (Hod Hasharon, centrul Israelului) a unei lăzi cu conținând bucăți de săpun, despre care Comunitatea Evreiască din România a afirmat că ar fi fost fabricat din cadavrele evreilor uciși în Holocaust.

Ca și în restul țărilor beligerante, și în România au circulat zvonuri privind presupusa proveniență a săpunului R.I.F.

Prima referire scrisă cu privire la fabricarea săpunului din cadavre de evrei apare în cartea jurnalistului evreu Marius Mircu, “Pogromurile din Basarabia” din 1947.

Una din anexele lucrării este intitulată: XIV. R.J.F. (Reine Jüdisches Fett, p.68), material apărut anterior în ziarul “Unirea” an I, Nr.4, din 23 noiembrie 1945. Autorul precizează, în afară de amănuntele binecunoscute:

“ S’au găsit și la noi în țară câteva bestii care să se gândească să fabrice săpun din grăsimea evreilor asasinați. În trenul celebru, care a transportat o parte din victimele măcelului dela Iași, din cauza căldurii extrem de mari, sângele și grăsimea morților schingiuiți acopereau podeaua unora din vagoane, în straturi apreciabile. Cei vii se bălăceau în sângele și grăsimea celor morți. În unele vagoane, stratul de grăsime trecea de genunchii celor în picioare. La Roman, unde vagoanele au fost curățate, s’au găsit doi locuitori care au sustras câteva căldări cu grăsime amestecată cu sânge. Prinși de o santinelă, au declarat că vor să facă săpun. ”

De asemenea, face și câteva precizări privind “procesul tehnologic” de fabricație: “ Tehnicienii germani au făcut cercetări și calcule migăloase ca nimic să nu se piardă din victimele lor, totul să fie utilizat. S’au găsit note și socoteli stabilind valoarea în monetă germană a fiecărui cadavru. Cadavru, adică materialele diferite cuprinse într’un corp, din care savanții germani scoteau: 900 de creioane, 2000 de chibrituri, un cui de fier, var pentru spoit un coteț, etc. etc. ”

Marius Mircu povestește cum evreii au colectat toate bucățile de săpun R.I.F., care puse într-o cutie, cca. 1500 buc., au fost înmormântate în 15 noiembrie (1945, probabil, autorul vorbește de vineri, a zecea zi a lunii Kislev, anul 5706), în Cimitirul din Șos. Giurgiului, cu car mortuar și slujbă religioasă, în prezența mai multor rabini și oficialități ale comunității evreiești. Astfel de acțiuni au fost organizate peste tot în țară, acolo unde existau mari comunități evreiești, în Fălticeni, Galați, Brăila, Târgoviște etc…, ulterior fiind ridicate monumente în memoria presupuselor victime transformate în săpun. Astfel de monumente au fost raportate de exemplu la cimitire în Lugoj Târgoviște , cimitirul Sărata din Bacău , Focșani, ּBrăila etc. Nu este un fenomen specific României, astfel de monumente ridicate în memoria evreilor transformați în săpun există peste tot în Europa, în cimitirele evreiești.

Deși s-a dovedit că săpunul R.I.F. nu conține nici un fel de grăsime, pe fondul grozăviilor comise în Holocaust, inclusiv reciclarea părului, colectarea efectelor, a coroanelor dentare ale victimelor etc, zvonul despre săpunul evreiesc a rămas multă vreme viu în conștiințele oamenilor și a fost reluat periodic;(https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki).

CITIȚI ȘI:

Holocaust Misconceptions

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Holocaust Misconceptions.LEGENDE SI NEADEVARURI PRIVITOARE LA HOLOCAUST

Holocaust Misconceptions Norwegian non-Jews wore paper clips to express solidarity
with Norwegian Jewry When the Germans occupied Norway in June 1940, between 1700 and 1800 Jews lived there – most of them in Oslo and all but 200 of them Norwegian citizens. Acceding to German demands, the collaborationist government immediately implemented anti-Jewish legislation. In November 1942, in response to further demands, the government rounded up more than 700 Jews, who were subsequently deported to Auschwitz where most were killed.

Although the Norwegian resistance managed to smuggle the remaining Jews to neutral Sweden, the wearing of paper clips had nothing to do with demonstrating support for these efforts or solidarity with Norwegian Jewry. Rather, it represented one of many non-violent expressions of Norwegian nationalism and loyalty to King Haakon VII. These included listening secretly to foreign news broadcasts, printing and distributing underground newspapers and wearing pins fashioned from coins with the king’s head brightly polished, from various “flowers of loyalty,” from the symbol “H7” (for Haakon VII), and – for a time, after the latter were outlawed – from paper clips (also occasionally worn as bracelets).

Why paper clips? Presumably – although some dispute this – because they were invented by a Norwegian named Johan Vaaler in 1899. Although, ironically, he had to patent the device in Germany because Norway had no patent law at the time. Vaaler did nothing more with his invention and, in subsequent years, paper clips would be manufactured and mass-marketed by firms in the United States and Great Britain (most notably, the Gem Company of Great Britain – originators of the familiar “double-U” slide-on clips, which the Norwegians may very well have worn.)

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The Germans used crushed Jewish bones to pave the Autobahn

The Germans crushed Jewish bones in two specific contexts only. One was in the Operation Reinhard death camps (Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka) in Poland. The other was in the former Soviet territories (Latvia, Estonia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania), where SS and police detachments known as Einsatzgruppen conducted mobile killing operations, shooting thousands of Jews and burying them in mass graves. Beginning in 1942, when the Germans were no longer sure they could win the war on the Eastern front, exhumation crews were sent into these territories to open the mass graves, burn the bodies, and crush the bones, in order to destroy all physical evidence. A special machine ground the bones into a powder of dust and very fine pieces, which were then reburied along with the ashes from the burned bodies. However, there is no evidence that ground bone was used in the construction of the Autobahn – the system of highways intended to span Germany. Although Hitler began building the Autobahn in the 1930s, no construction was undertaken during the war years, and it was not resumed in earnest until the 1950s.

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German Jews were a large proportion of Germany’s population

In 1933, approximately 9.5 million Jews lived in Europe, comprising 1.7% of the total European population. This number represented more than 60 percent of the world’s Jewish population at that time, estimated at 15.3 million.  Of these, the largest Jewish community was in Poland – about 3,250,000 Jews or 9.8% of the Polish population. Germany’s approximately 565,000 Jews made up only 0.8% of its population.

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Adolf Hitler was Jewish

One of the most frequently asked questions we receive is whether or Adolf Hitler was Jewish or had ancestors who were. The idea stems from the rumors that Hitler’s grandfather was Jewish. Few, if any historians believe this to be so. Hitler’s father, Alois, was registered as an illegitimate child with no father. Thus, Hitler was unable to produce the certificate of origin he required of every German citizen on hazard of death. Alois’s mother worked in the home of a wealthy Jew and there is some chance a son in the household got the women (i.e. Hitler’s grandmother) pregnant. Most historians believe, however, that it is more likely Hitler was trying to keep a family secret that he carried a hereditary disposition toward mental illness and feeble-mindedness.

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A Jewish doctor killed Adolf Hitler’s mother

Some, like psycho-historian Rudolf Binion (Hitler Among the Germans, 1976) claim that Hitler’s genocidal hatred of the Jews stemmed from the fact that Dr. Eduard Bloch, his family’s Jewish physician in Linz, Austria, bungled Klara Hitler’s treatment, causing her to die a prolonged and painful death from breast cancer in December 1907. However, according to Bloch’s 1943 testimony to the Office of Strategic Services in the United States, Hitler considered Bloch to have treated her well and seemed to harbor no ill will towards him, despite the fact that he had been especially close to his mother. Indeed, Dr. Bloch recalled that, after her death, “ He [Hitler] stepped forward and took my hand. Looking into my eyes, he said: ‘I shall be grateful to you forever.’ Then he bowed.” In later years, Hitler demonstrated his gratitude with postcards, warm holiday greetings, gifts of his artwork, and – after he became Führer – with expressions of concern for Bloch’s welfare. In 1937, after asking a delegation of Linz Nazis for news of the town, Hitler also “asked for news of me. Was I still alive, still practicing?” adding “ ‘Dr. Bloch…is an Edeljude – a noble Jew. If all Jews were like him, there would be no Jewish question.’ ” Bloch further testified that “Favors were granted me which I feel sure were accorded no other Jew in all Germany or Austria.” Thus, “Berlin” directed the Linz Gestapo to remove the yellow star from Dr. Bloch’s apartment and office and to allow the Bloch family to remain in their home. Nor were they prevented from leaving Austria in 1938 – although they were not permitted to keep their life-savings and, as a condition of their leaving, the Gestapo confiscated Hitler’s gifts and notes and Dr. Bloch’s record book detailing Klara Hitler’s treatment (the latter surfaced after the war).

 

 

 

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The Germans manufactured soap from Jewish bodies

Leading Holocaust scholars disavow the Nazi manufacture of soap, pointing to the fact that allegations about the Germans making soap from human bodies date back to French propaganda early in World War I and that specific claims regarding Jewish bodies began to surface as early as August 1942 in the concentration camps. They also point out that evidence that would prove it conclusively – such as shipping bills, physical evidence from a manufacturing plant, or receipts for economic transactions – has never been found. Whereas such evidence abounds for shipments of hair and dental gold removed from human bodies.

Moreover, these rumors also disturbed Heinrich Himmler, since the Nazis’ extermination plans demanded strict secrecy. On November 30, 1942, after hearing that Rabbi Stephen Wise of New York had mentioned the soap rumors to the American press ( November 24), Himmler wrote the following to Heinrich Müller, head of the Gestapo: In view of the large emigration movement of Jews, I do not wonder that such rumors come to circulate in the world. We both know that there is present an increased mortality among the Jews put to work. You have to guarantee to me that the corpses of these deceased Jews are either burned or buried at each location, and that absolutely nothing else can happen with the corpses at any location. Conduct an investigation immediately everywhere whether any kind of misuse [of corpses] has taken place of the sort as listed in point 1, probably strewn about in the world as a lie. Upon the SS-oath I am to be notified of each misuse of this kind.

Nevertheless, over the years, Holocaust survivors have presented small blue-green cakes of soap, claiming that they were made from human fat because they were stamped RIF. Aaron Breitbart, a senior researcher at the Simon Wiesenthal Center explains that this stands for “Reich Industry Fat.” However, in the camps, some Jews believed that the I was a J and that the acronym stood for „Pure Jewish Fat.” When analyzed, however, the bars turned up no evidence of human DNA. Thus, the RIF soap allegations were a rumor, even though many people believed it at the time.

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King Christian X of Denmark wore a Jewish Star badge to protest German orders that Danish Jews wear such badges

This is one of the most enduring and popular Holocaust myths. Some also add that the king urged all Danish non-Jews to wear Jewish star badges, or that they donned them in admiration of his gesture. This never happened, despite the stories about the king’s open support of his Jewish subjects that circulated throughout Europe, one of which has him threatening to wear a badge if such an order were given. However, the Germans never required Danish Jews to wear badges, possibly because they realized how much resistance this order would arouse, intensifying the Danes’ solidarity and rejection of Nazi thinking. Thus, through most of the occupation, as a gesture of solidarity with all of his subjects, the king continued his daily horseback rides through Copenhagen, alone and unprotected, and these rides became a focus of popular protest as scores of Danes turned out to escort him.

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Jews were foreigners and aliens who controlled the economy, politics and culture of Germany and other countries

This myth is part of a persistent negative stereotype that emerged in the late Roman Empire, persisting through the 19^th and 20^th centuries and into the present. Even though, by 1939, Jews had been an integral part of Western Civilization from its earliest beginnings (5000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent – the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in contemporary Iraq) and an integral part of Europe since Roman times (1500 years of continuous settlement by 1939).

However, from the 4^th century on, after Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire, Jews were vilified as Christ-killers and infidels and regarded as an inassimilable and alien “Other.” During the Middle Ages and the early modern period, European Jews were subjected to increasingly punitive measures, physical violence, ghettoization, expulsion and relentless pressure to convert.

They were forbidden to own land and prohibited from pursuing most occupations except for certain types of trading (such as peddling second-hand goods), „middle-man” occupations (such as factoring, and dealing in grain, wood, and cattle), and “money trades” (lending money for interest – which the Roman Catholic Church called “usury” and prohibited to Christians – and banking). Thus, Jews became identified with money and with two especially unsavory and persistent stereotypes: the heartless, unethical and exploitative usurer, who lent money at ruinous interest rates; and the shifty, unscrupulous, swindling peddler, who sold shoddy goods at exorbitant prices. So ingrained was this identification that medieval as well as modern depictions of Jews often showed them grasping or sitting on or chasing money.

Adolf Hitler and the Nazis augmented this with a 19^th century myth that emerged as a backlash to European Jewry’s emancipation and consequent involvement in and numerous contributions to European cultural, social, economic and political life in numbers disproportionate to its numeric presence in the general population. This myth stressed the existence of a “secret” Jewish plot to dominate the world through economic and political control. In the 1890s, this was furthered by the publication of the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion – a forgery that originated in France and was translated into numerous languages. In Russia, it was found among the papers of Tsar Nicholas II, and in the United States, it was heavily promoted by Henry Ford in his Dearborn Independent. It was alleged to be the minutes of a secret society of Jewish notables described as “learned men [who] decided by peaceful means to conquer the world for Zion with the slyness of the symbolic serpent” – that is, by secret conspiracy.

Throughout the 19^th and 20^th centuries (and into the present), this image of the Jews cut across ideological lines, finding adherents on the left (socialists, communists, and anarchists) as well as on the right (conservatives, fascists, monarchists, and chauvinists) and finding expression in the media through cartoons and posters depicting Jews as something slimy (snake, lizard, bug, octopus) and sinister with a stranglehold on the globe.

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Jews are a race

Race is a limited biological classification referring to certain shared physical features – such as, skin color, hair color and texture, body shape and size, and eye color – that are inherent in the genes and cannot be changed. Jews are not a race.

First and foremost, they are adherents of a religion – Judaism – around which a culture has evolved based on laws and rituals regarding diet, the Sabbath, and customs that can vary from place to place because the Jews live in many parts of the world. Second, Jews are also a “people,” with a national/ethnic identity based on a shared history and historical homeland – Israel – that extends from ancient times to the present.

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How did Adolf Hitler die and is he still alive?

Since his death on April 30, 1945, much speculation has surrounded how Hitler died, is he still alive, etc… Even though he would be extremely old if alive today (116 years old) some theories that exist include: He ate poison and shot himself, He ate poison, but did not shoot himself; he shot himself, but did not take poison; one of Hitler’s doubles was killed, creating the illusion Hitler was dead, allowing the “real” Hitler to escape: somebody else killed Hitler.

The fact that Hitler died in his bunker is almost certain, despite lack of physical evidence to this effect. We believe that on the morning of April 29, 1945, in a civil ceremony in his bunker, Hitler married his mistress of many years, Eva Braun. The next day, they both bit into thin glass vials of cyanide. As he did so Hitler also shot himself in the head. The handful of remaining Nazi loyalists, wrapped his body in a gray army blanket, carried him to the shell-blasted Chancellory garden, saluted in honor and ignited his body.

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Dr. Josef Mengele made all selections upon arrival at the camps

Dr. Josef Mengele was Senior SS physician at Auschwitz-Birkenau from 1943 to 1944. He was one of multiple physicians who carried out “selections” of prisoners upon arrival at the camp. Dr. Mengle did make many of the “selections,” but so did other doctors, especially when the prisoners were regularly forced to parade before the doctors at frequent selections inside the camps.

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Every concentration camp had a gas chamber and crematoria

This was not true for the majority of the camps which were for slave labor, transit, and political prisoners. By 1945, the Nazis had established 10,004 camps. However, only six of these camps were designated to kill the Jews totally. Nazi camps equipped with gassing facilities, for mass murder of Jews included Auschwitz-Birkenau, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek-Lublin, Sobibor, and Treblinka. Up to 2,700,000 Jews were murdered at these camps, as were tens of thousands of Gypsies, Soviet prisoners of war, Poles, and others.

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Auschwitz-Birkenau was the only camp that existed in Auschwitz

Auschwitz had many satellite camps that surrounded the main camp, accounting for an area of 20 square miles – the area of an average American city. In 1944, more tracks led to Auschwitz than to New York’s Penn. Station, which at the time was the largest railroad station in the world.

Auschwitz I – original and main Auschwitz camp in southwest Poland. Served first as Polish military barrack, then as concentration camp largely for gentiles.

Auschwitz II – (Birkenau) Largest Nazi Camp, opened in October 1941. it was used particularly for the extermination of Jews and Roma (Gypsies). It was the site of four gas chambers.

Auschwitz III – (Buna-Monowitz) Set aside as a labor camp for chemical giant I.G. Farben. It refers also to 36 subcamps.

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All Jews in camps received tattoo numbers on their arms

Not all Jews in the camps were given a tattoo, especially those designated for extermination, and not all camps made use of tattoos for prisoner identification.

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All Jews were forced to wear the yellow Star of David badge

Denmark was the only occupied country were Jews were not forced to wear the yellow star. In addition, Jews in Central Poland did not wear star badges but white armbands with a blue Star of David.

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What Pastor Niemoeller really said

One of the most misquoted citations of the Holocaust is the “confession of guilt” by Pastor Martin Niemoeller. According to his widow, Sybil Niemoeller, these are his exact words:

First they came for the Communists
and I did not speak out –
because I was not a Communist.

Then they came for the Socialists
and I did not speak out –
because I was not a Socialist.

Then they came for the trade unionists
and I did not speak out –
because I was not a trade unionist.

Then they came for the Jews
and I did not speak out –
because I was not a Jew.

Then they came for me –
and there was no one left
to speak out for me.

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There were 11 million victims of the Holocaust

The number 11 million is a fictious number on a number of levels. “11 million Jews” is the population census that is mentioned in the 16^th copy of the Wannsee Protocol, notes taken by Eichmann (January 20, 1942), only about the Jews.

The issue seems to be the differentiation between victims based on NSDAP race policy versus civilian deaths during war (i.e.: victims because of genocide or casualties of war) if the latter, the correct number of probably between 30-35 million deaths, maybe more. If only racial and biological related categories, it should encompass only Jews, Roma Sinti and victims of T-4.

This is not to belittle other victims of war and political policies, but other groups had some choices regarding compliance with Nazi domination or resistance, and some, like Jehovah’s Witnesses, Homosexuals and Gypsies have a history of persecution even in democratic countries, although not the end of concentration camps and death.

In Elie Wiesel’s “And the Sea Is Never Full,” Wiesel brings attention to this issue in a meeting with Simon Wiesenthal:

“I answer him that I don’t know where he obtained the figure of eleven million. To my knowledge, no historian has ever cited such a figure. Indeed, the only place I can remember seeing that figure was in Eichmann’s report on the Wannsee Conference, where leaders of the Third Reich decided on the Final Solution.

But even there, Eichmann referred to eleven million JEWS, only JEWS—those of Europe and elsewhere—all of whom were targeted…I can explain my position to him, the very same I set forth before President Carter and Congress: Not all the victims of the Holocaust were Jews, but all Jews were victims.”

Conclusion, it is best when referencing the total number of victims of the Holocaust to say 6 million Jews and millions of others. All Holocaust organizations are making a united move to adhere to this message and we must maintain a consistent record as center of Holocaust studies.

Source:

https://www.ilholocaustmuseum.org/pages/learn/holocaust-history/misconceptions/